Mikkola connected it with Turkic āt (name, fame). : 444 It is a nominative, in form of attíl- (< * etsíl < * es tíl) with the meaning "the oceanic, universal ruler". : 444 The stressed back syllabic til assimilated the front member es, so it became * as. Omeljan Pritsak considered Ἀττίλα (Attíla) a composite title-name which derived from Turkic * es (great, old), and * til (sea, ocean), and the suffix /a/. Other scholars have argued for a Turkic origin of the name. : 29 Alexander Savelyev and Choongwon Jeong (2020) similarly state that Attila's name "must have been Gothic in origin." The name has sometimes been interpreted as a Germanization of a name of Hunnic origin. : 211 Maenchen-Helfen notes that this derivation of the name "offers neither phonetic nor semantic difficulties", : 386 and Gerhard Doerfer notes that the name is simply correct Gothic. : 386 : 29 : 46 The Gothic etymology was first proposed by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the early 19th century. Many scholars have argued that the name Attila derives from East Germanic origin Attila is formed from the Gothic or Gepidic noun atta, "father", by means of the diminutive suffix -ila, meaning "little father", compare Wulfila from wulfs "wolf" and -ila, i.e. EtymologyĪ painting of Attila riding a pale horse, by French Romantic artist Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863) : 202 Other historians also believed that the same descriptions were also evident on some Scythian people. Some scholars have suggested that this description is typically East Asian, because it has all the combined features that fit the physical type of people from Eastern Asia, and Attila's ancestors may have come from there. Short of stature, with a broad chest and a large head his eyes were small, his beard thin and sprinkled with grey and he had a flat nose and swarthy skin, showing evidence of his origin. He was indeed a lover of war, yet restrained in action, mighty in counsel, gracious to suppliants and lenient to those who were once received into his protection.
He was haughty in his walk, rolling his eyes hither and thither, so that the power of his proud spirit appeared in the movement of his body. He was a man born into the world to shake the nations, the scourge of all lands, who in some way terrified all mankind by the dreadful rumors noised abroad concerning him.
There is no surviving first-hand account of Attila's appearance, but there is a possible second-hand source provided by Jordanes, who cites a description given by Priscus. Mór Than's 19th century painting of The Feast of Attila, based on a fragment of Priscus Attila would live on as a character in Germanic heroic legend. After Attila's death, his close adviser, Ardaric of the Gepids, led a Germanic revolt against Hunnic rule, after which the Hunnic Empire quickly collapsed. He planned for further campaigns against the Romans, but died in 453. He subsequently invaded Italy, devastating the northern provinces, but was unable to take Rome. He also attempted to conquer Roman Gaul (modern France), crossing the Rhine in 451 and marching as far as Aurelianum ( Orléans) before being stopped in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains. His unsuccessful campaign in Persia was followed in 441 by an invasion of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, the success of which emboldened Attila to invade the West.
He crossed the Danube twice and plundered the Balkans, but was unable to take Constantinople. He is also considered one of the most powerful rulers in world history.ĭuring his reign, he was one of the most feared enemies of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires. He was also the leader of a tribal empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, Alans and Bulgars, among others, in Central and Eastern Europe.
406–453), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in March 453.
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